Showing posts with label John Dewey. Show all posts
Showing posts with label John Dewey. Show all posts

Monday, November 10, 2025

John Dewey and the Shortcomings of Industrial Education

 There is a trend that emphasizes success and revolves around a successful career before anything. The financial aspects, being defined as the ends (not the means) are ruining the foundation of education and the well-being of society. I have had a philosophical clash with this mentality from the get-go. I've seen this ideology spread throughout the educational system and respected in professional spheres.

The concept of being this money-generating machine and obtaining this social status is dorky, stale, and in many instances, a fantastic breeding ground for concealed fascism while acting politically correct. There is no two ways around this pseudoscience of evolutionary humanism or societal classes founded upon god-given privileges. The consequent hubris is one of the prime examples of post-industrial banalities. 

While this social superiority is attributed to inherent characteristics and essential differences, the root causes lie in a secure childhood in an affluent household and a protected track to a flourishing career. We witness a certain class arrogating to itself the right to be leaders as if being born in an affluent suburban neighborhood dismisses any need to hustle and bustle for a competitive position. The old stories of royal blood in someone's blood are as alive as ever.

 These trends are anti-meritocracy, anti-progressive, anti-humanistic, and basically at odds with all the values the Enlightenment era bestowed upon Western civilization. As long ago as 1670, mankind embarked on pursuing happiness and progress regardless of an individual's indulgence in fantastic social classification or genetic lineage.

This notion is in line with a part of John Dewey's ideas that I recently read. The following lines are excerpted from "Democracy and Education", published in 1916. While Dewey shows the importance of having an education that empowers individuals and ultimately provides financial independence, he warns about the grave dangers of the  "industrial education":


...social efficiency indicates the importance of industrial competency. Persons cannot live without means of subsistence; the ways in which these means are employed and consumed have a profound influence upon all relationships of persons to one another. If an individual is not able to earn his own living and that of the children dependent upon him, he is a drag or parasite upon the activities of others. He misses for himself one of the most educative experiences of life. if he is not trained in the right use of the products of industry, there is grave danger that he may deprave himself and injure others in his possession of wealth. No scheme of education can afford to neglect such basic considerations. Yet in the name of higher and more spiritual ideals, the arrangements for higher education have often not only neglected them, but looked at them with scorn as beneath the level of educative concern. With the change from an oligarchical to a democratic society, it is natural that the significance of an education which should have as a result ability to make one's way economically in the world, and to manage economic resources usefully instead of the mere display and luxury, should receive more emphasis. 


There is however, grave danger that in insisting upon this end, exisiting economic conditions and standards will be accepted as final. A democratic criterion requires us to develop capacity to the point of competency to choose and make its own career. This principle is violated when the attempt is made to fit individuals in advance for definite industrial callings, selected not on the basis of trained original capacities, but on that of the wealth or social status of parents. As a matter of fact, industry at the present time undergoes rapid and abrupt changes through the evolution of new inventions. New industries spring up, and old ones are revolutionized. Consequently an attempt to train for too specific a mode of efficiency defeats its own purpose. When the occupation changes its methods, such individuals are left behind with even less ability to readjust themselves than if they had a less definite training. But, most of all, the present industrial constitution of society is like every society which has ever existed, full of inequities. It is the aim of progressive education to take part in correcting unfair privilege and unfair deprivation, not to perpetuate them. Wherever social control means subordination of individual activities to class authority, there is danger that industrial education will be dominated by acceptance of the status quo. Differences of economic opportunity then dictate what the future callings of individuals are to be.  We have an unconscious revival of the defect of the Platonic scheme without its enlightened method of selection.

Dewey, John, Democracy and Education, p. 219

As mentioned above, this model has several limitations. First, it's constructed upon multitudes of inequities, unsolicited advantages, and unqualified privileges. Second, it is inherently protective of the status quo of the industrial society's constitution. Third, it is too specific to be adjustable to the dynamic social scene of modern life. Therefore, trainees will be kept high and dry amidst the shifting sands of modern life. The current consensus of many private education institutions and the sidelining of liberal arts and the opprobrium they hold against public engagement will jeopardize social integrity.


Pedram

11/10/2025

Wednesday, July 30, 2025

 "Beings who are born not only unaware of, but quite indifferent to, the aims & habits of the social group have to be rendered cognizant of them & actively interested. Education, and education alone, spans the gap."

John Dewey, Democracy and Education

Tuesday, February 27, 2024

Not for Profit


 

"Not for Profit, Why Democracy Needs the Humanities" is a short book by Martha Nussbaum. This is a critical view of the education system from elementary and secondary levels through high academic ranks. The worrisome pattern with emphasis on profit-generating has come at the cost of humanities and liberal arts. The signs are the decline of critical thinking toward authorities, compromised problem-solving skills over complex global matters, and a lack of sympathy for underprivileged and marginalized subpopulations. 

Democracy needs competent democratic citizens and to reach this goal a balanced and comprehensive education is key. A balanced pedagogical method should include humanities in the curriculum to broaden the students' viewpoints and help them cultivate empathy. This will serve as a preemptive measure to solve the pathologic social insouciance. The recent waves of execrating diversity and various tribalist sycophants spreading hatred as the new real political wisdom, maybe a reflection of this oversight in the upbringing of the children. Whether these are wangs of a temporary philosophical spasm or a profound drawback in the evolution of education, is yet to be seen. Nevertheless, they require immediate attention.

The book explains the history of the endeavors to include humanities in the framework by philosophers and educational reformers from Johann Pestalozzi (1746-1827) to John Dewey (1859-1952).

Pestolazzi believed in the incorporation of arts and actual emotional responses in tandem with a child's gradual emotional development. Highly influenced by Rousseau's Emile, he mainly focused on participatory creative activities. 

Dewey's works in particular underline the importance of transferring living-oriented knowledge to students. He believed education is a regulatory process to oversee social norms and consciousness. Dewey believed in the involvement of the students to go deep and the proper educational method should provide information aligned with their prior life experiences.

In "Not for Profit", Nussbaum raises concern regarding the profit-oriented incentive in public and private schools. The resurgence of technology and the prediction of marketable occupations penetrated the social psyche and now parents are mostly supportive of this direction to secure their children's future. With a new economic and technological milieu looming at large, the need to renege on fundamental principles of comprehensive education is felt, more desperately than ever.